Grammar Guide: Types and Structures of Sentences
What is meant by a Sentence?
A meaningful combination of words which has a complete sequence is called a Sentence.
- She is working in the lab. (ती लॅब मध्ये काम करत आहे.)
- Where is she working? (ती कोठे काम करत आहे?)
- Is she working in the lab? (ती लॅब मध्ये काम करत आहे का?)
- Work in the lab. (लॅब मध्ये काम कर.)
All the above examples are called sentences. Of course, their structure is changed from the previous one.
Types of Sentences
There are four types of sentences (वाक्याचे चार प्रकार पडतात):
- Assertive Sentence (विधानार्थी वाक्य)
- Interrogative Sentence (प्रश्नार्थक वाक्य)
- Imperative Sentence (आज्ञार्थी वाक्य)
- Exclamatory Sentence (उदगारवाचक वाक्य)
1. Assertive Sentences
A sentence that makes an assertion or declaration is called an Assertive or Declarative sentence.
Structure (वाक्यरचना): S + V + O / RPS
- The earth is a small planet in the solar system.
- Abraham Lincoln would never harm anyone.
- The cow gives us milk.
2. Interrogative Sentences
A sentence that asks a question is called an Interrogative Sentence.
There are two primary types of Interrogative sentences:
i) WH- Question
A question which starts by using a wh-word such as What, When, Where, whom, why, Who, How, How many, How much etc, is called a Wh- question.
Structure (वाक्यरचना): Wh word + HV + S + V + ?
- Who are you? (तु कोण आहेस ?)
- What is your name? (तुझे नाव काय आहे ?)
- How are you? (तुम्ही कसे आहात ?)
- Why are you late? (तुला उशीर का झाला ?)
ii) Verbal / Yes-No Type Question
A question which starts by helping or Auxiliary verbs is called a Verbal Question or Yes No type Question.
Primary Auxiliary / Helping Verbs:
- To be: Am, is, are, was, were
- To do: Do, does, did
- To have: Have, has, had
- Modal Auxiliary: Will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, need to, dare to, used to
Structure (वाक्यरचना): HV + S + V + RPS ? (Remaining part of sentence)
- Are you happy? (तु आनंदी आहेस का ?)
- Is she singing a song? (ती गाणे गात आहे का ?)
- Am I completed the homework? (मी गृहपाठ पुर्ण केला आहे का ?)
- Was that your notebook? (ती तुझी वही होती का ?)
- Were they visited the America? (त्यांनी अमेरीकेला भेट दिली होती का?)
- Have you informed your parents? (तु तुझ्या वडीलांना कळवलेले आहे का ?)
- Has he a big house? (त्याच्या जवळ मोठे घर आहे का ?)
- Dose she likes you? (तिला तू आवडतोस का)
- Do We join your party?
- Did Shital Pay the bill?
Note: Response of the above questions are only Yes or No, so that Verbal question is also known as Yes no type Question.
3. Imperative Sentences
A sentence that expresses a request, advice, suggestion, command, warn etc is called an Imperative sentence.
Structure (वाक्यरचना): V + O
- Close the Window.
- Take rest.
- Don't smoke in public place.
- Hang him till death.
Note: To make a Negative imperative sentence use 'Don't' before the Verb. The subject is not used in this sentence, but it is always 'You' in invisible mode.
4. Exclamatory Sentences
An exclamatory sentence makes a statement that conveys strong emotion or excitement. Words like Wow!, Brilliant!, Awesome!, Ouch!, Amazing!, Bravo!, Fantastic!, and Tremendous! are used in the sentence. An Exclamatory (!) mark is also there.
Structure (वाक्यरचना): What a / how + adj + s + v + !
- What a happy ending!
- How well he listens!
- I'm so mad right now!
- You're such a liar!
- That birthday cake was so good!
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